http://web2.0calc.com/

Q1
death rate per 10,000 during their 18th year is 7.7

looks like they took .000769 * by 10,000 = 7.69 or 7.7 to the tenths
.000769*10000

Q2
1-what is the expected value of this game to you? .50
8/2  .50
$100

+$9  -$2---7
9/2 =4.5
2/9=0.22222222222222222222222222222222
$150/4.5=33.333333333333333333333333333333
.75

+11 -$3----8
11/3=3.6666
3/11=0.27272727272727272727272727272727
$xxx
.xx

Value: 
5.00 x 30
= 1.50
100

2-Should you expect to win? No
3-.50 * 100 times = $50
4-average over 100 games should expect to win  $50

Q3
a-married woman for the first time between ages 35-44
proof they took the value of 4.6 and moved it left 2 decimal places = 0.046
b-6.7 moved to the left 2 decimal places = 0.067
c-match table values to chart and you should be good

Q4
15/45
10/45
20/45

1 just devide candy/total candies watch the hundreths value
2 
3 
4 

Q5
1 total/365
2 total/356
3 birth rate in 1000 21.7  
proof (49,799/2,300,000) * 1000 = 21.7
4 birth rate in 1000 7.3