Assignments

Unit 5 Overview 
The Counter Culture Movement 
At no time in American history have social movements been more visible than in the 1960s. As you have learned, much was happening: Communism was perceived as an international threat, the age of materialism was growing, and the U.S. was at war. Building on earlier events such as sit-ins in the South and the rise of individualism, the phenomenon of social movements emerged as never before in our history. Americans from all walks of life, all races, and all religions were banding together and taking to the streets to make their voices heard. Social psychology, sociology, medicine, and criminology will be the foundational disciplines for your learning in this unit.

Read 1: The Age of Great Dreams: America in the 1960s Chapter 8
Key Terms 
These terms relate specifically to your reading this week. 
Key Concepts 
These concepts will help you gain greater understanding of the material this week.

What do you have to do in this unit? 
•	View Timeline 
•	Complete Assigned Reading 
•	Review Key Concepts and Terms 
•	Review Web Resources 
•	Post to Discussion Board 
40 points 
•	Attend Seminar 
•	Complete Unit Quiz 
100 points 
•	View the Presentation 
•	Please see the Extra! Extra! tab for the Web Resources for this Unit. 

Unit Outcomes 
•	Understand how events and issues impact all aspects of social life 
•	Explain the influence of social movements in the 1960s on life in the 21st Century 

Unit 5 Key Terms 

Social Movements 
The following terms and definitions relate specifically to your reading this week. 
Propaganda – in its broad sense, the presentation of information in the attempt to influence people; in its narrow sense, one-sided information used to try to influence people 
Public – in this context, a dispersed group of people relevant to a social movement; the sympathetic and hostile publics have an interest in the issues on which a social movement focuses; there is also an unaware or indifferent public. 
Mass society – industrialized, high bureaucratized, impersonal society 
Social Movement – a large group of people who are organized to promote or resist some social change. 
Proactive Social Movement – a social movement that promotes some social change 
Reactive Social Movement - a social movement that resists some social change 
Social movement organization – an organization to promote the goals of a social movement 
Deviance and Social Control 
Cultural goals – the legitimate objectives held out to the members of a society 
Deviance – the violation of rules or norms 
Institutionalized means – approved ways of reaching cultural goals 
Sanctions – 
Positive sanction - a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize. 
Negative sanction - an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm ranging from a mild,informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution. 
Social Control – a group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms

Social order – a group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives

 Unit 5 Key Concepts 

The following terms and definitions relate specifically to your reading this week: 

SOCIAL MOVEMENT THEORY 
Mass Society Theory – an explanation for why people participate in a social movement based on the assumption that the movement offers them a sense of belonging 
Relative Deprivation Theory – in this context, the belief that people join social movements based on their evaluations of what they think they should have compared with what others have 
Resource Mobilization – a theory that social movements succeed or fail based on their ability to mobilize resources such as time, money, people’s skills 

TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 
Alterative social movements – a social movement that seeks to alter on some specific aspects of people 
Metaformative social movements – a social movement that has the goal to change the social order not just of a country or two, but of civilization, or even of the entire world. 
Millenarian social movements – a social movement based on the prophecy of coming social upheaval 
Redemptive social movements – a social movement that seeks to change people totally, to redeem them 
Reformative social movements - a social movement that seeks to reform some specific aspects of society 
Transformative social movements – a social movement that seeks to change society totally, to transform it 
Transnational social movements – a social movement whose emphasis is on some condition around the world, instead 

THEORIES OF DEVIANCE 

Control Theory – the idea that two control systems – inner controls and outer controls – work against our tendencies to deviate 
Differential Association Theory – Edwin Sutherland’s term to indicate that associating with some groups results in learning an “excess of definitions” of deviance, and, by extension, in a greater likelihood that one will become deviant 
Labeling Theory – the view that the labels people are given affect their own and others’ perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity 
Personality disorders – the view that a personality disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms. 
Strain Theory - Robert Merton’s term for the strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goal (such as success or the “American Dream”), but withholds from many the approved means of reaching that goal 
Techniques of neutralization – ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect (or neutralize) society’s norms